针灸立法  
Principles of Acupuncture and Moxibustion

针灸的立法包括两个内容，一是依据病位，确定选取的经穴；一是依据病性，制定治疗大法，即《灵枢九针十二原》指出的“凡用针者，虚则实之，满则泻之，菀陈则除之”和《灵枢经脉》所说的“热则疾之，寒则留之，陷下则灸之，不盛不虚，以经取之”等。"虚则实之"是指正气不足的人针时用补法以恢复人体的正气，扶正而祛邪；"满则泻之"是指邪气盛满的病人要用泻的方法施术；"菀陈则除之"是指经脉瘀阻的病人用放血法以消除瘀滞；"热则疾之"是指治热性病要疾刺疾出，以退其热邪；"寒则留之"是指寒邪较重的病人应留针；"陷下则灸之"是指元阳暴脱，汗出不止，子官下垂，脱肛等病人，要用灸法以升阳固脱；"不盛不虚，以经取之"是指病的虚实表现不明显时，可用平补平泻的方法取本经腧穴进行治疗。

     There are two methods to establish principles. One is to select points according to the location of disease, the other is to work out treatment method according to the nature of disease. That is "strengthening Deficiency" refers to the deficiency syndrome that should be treated with notification and support of the Primordial Qi in acupuncture. "The excess should be relieved" refers to treating excess syndrome by dispelling the pathogenic factors, "Wan Chem Zed Chu Zhi"means treating continuous sweating, prostration of Yang exhaustion, prolapse of uterus and rectum by moxibustion to invigorate the spleen function and send vital energy and nutrients upward for prolapse of rectum and uterus. "If symptom appears neither excessive nor deficient, the mothod of even reinforcing and reducing can be usde"refers when the symptoms of deficiency syndrome and the excess syndrome are not obvious, the method of even reinforcing and reducing can be used on selected points of the affected meridian.